FAQ

Cluster III: Social
Chapter 4: Enhancing Defence, Security, Wellbeing and Unity
Q1. What strategies will be implemented to ensure national security and sovereignty?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The strategies are:
    1. Safeguarding national sovereignty, including managing threats from illegal immigrants and unlawful activities at border
    2. Intensifying efforts in crime prevention, rehabilitation, emergency preparedness as well as the welfare of personnel
    3. Strengthening security governance
Q2. How has healthcare improved during the Eleventh Plan?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The healthcare improved as indicated by:
    1. The life expectancy at birth increased from 74.1 in 2010 to 74.7 in 2019, higher than the World Bank average global target of 73.4 years
    2. The ratio of doctor to population improved from 1:859 in 2010 to 1:482 in 2019
    3. The ratio of hospital beds per 1,000 population also increased from 1.79 in 2010 to 1.95 in 2019
Q3. What are issues and challenges in improving healthcare services?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the issues and challenges are:
    1. Changes in demographic profiles
    2. Increasing prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases
    3. Prevalence of malnutrition
    4. Inadequate facilities and mismatch of resources across various levels of services
    5. Unsustainable healthcare financing
Q4. What are the strategies outlined for healthcare?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The strategies are:
    1. Redesigning the healthcare service
    2. Strengthening health financing and public awareness
    3. Leveraging technology in healthcare service
Q5. What are the strategies in overcoming the lack of affordable housing?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the strategies are:
    1. Constructing more affordable housing for selected target groups
    2. Improving existing housing financing schemes
    3. Expanding the Rent-to-Own programme
    4. Capitalising land owned by the Government for affordable housing
    5. Formulating housing redevelopment guideline
Q6. What are the measures to promote sports for an active and healthy living?
Last updated : 30 Sep 2021
  • The measures to be undertaken are:
    1. Enhancing the accessibility of sports facilities
    2. Upgrading existing public sports facilities
    3. Strengthening community-based sports bodies
    4. Providing specific facilities to cater for the needs of target groups
    5. Enculturating sports among children and youth
Q7. How to strengthen unity among the rakyat?
Last updated : 01 Oct 2021
  • Among the initiatives are:
    1. Encouraging social interaction by improving and expanding unity, culture and sport programmes
    2. Expanding advocacy programmes in promoting inter-religious harmony
    3. Intensifying the usage of Bahasa Melayu among the rakyat
    4. Raising awareness campaigns to enhance understanding and appreciation of the Federal Constitution and Rukun Negara
    5. Expanding volunteerism programmes especially among youth
    6. Expanding advocacy programmes on ethical and responsible digital media usage
Q8. How to enhance national security and unity to ensure the nation remains peaceful and harmonious?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the initiatives are:
    1. Strengthening national cybersecurity and cyber defence
    2. Introducing a new policy for the defence and security industry
    3. Expanding the usage of advanced technology in combatting crimes
    4. Promoting social interaction through sports, unity and religious programme
    5. Enhancing patriotism and volunteerism
Q9. How to revitalise the healthcare system?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The healthcare system will be revitalised by:
    1. Adopting a whole-of-nation approach in addressing the health crisis
    2. Strengthening collaboration among the public and private sectors as well as civil society organizations
    3. Introducing a more sustainable health financing model
    4. Leveraging emerging technologies
Chapter 5: Addressing Poverty and Building an Inclusive Society
Q1. What is Keluarga Malaysia?
Last updated : 04 Oct 2021
  • The Keluarga Malaysia is an inclusive approach that transcends religious, racial and ethnic boundaries, and embodies the family values that bind Malaysians.

  • This approach describes the strong relationship among the people of the country that is bound by the good upbringing in a family.
Q2. What are the priority areas in addressing poverty and building an inclusive society?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The priority areas are:
    1. Adopting a multidimensional perspective to address poverty
    2. Empowering B40
    3. Supporting M40 towards equitable society
    4. Achieving an equitable outcome for Bumiputera
    5. Enhancing development of Orang Asli community
    6. Empowering specific target groups
Q3. What is defined by poor households in Malaysia?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Based on Household Income & Expenditure Survey and Basic Amenities 2019, poor households are defined as:
    1. Hardcore poor refers to households earning income less than food Poverty Line Income (PLI) of RM1,169
    2. Absolute poor refers to households earning income less than absolute PLI of RM2,208
    3. Relative poor refers to households earning income less than half of national median monthly household of RM2,937
    4. Vulnerable households refer to households earning income between absolute PLI of RM2,208 and 2.5 times absolute PLI of RM5,520
Q4. Who are the B40, M40 and T20?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Based on Household Income, Expenditure and Basic Amenities Survey, households are divided into three main income categories at the national level as follows:
    1. B40 refers to bottom 40% of households, with income less than RM4,850 per month
    2. M40 refers to middle 40% households, with income between RM4,850 and RM10,959 per month
    3. T20 refers to top 20% households, with income RM10,960 and above per month
Q5. Who are the specific target groups in the context of an inclusive society development?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The specific target groups are:
    1. Children
    2. Youth
    3. Women
    4. Older persons
    5. Persons with disabilities
    6. Family institution
Q6. How is household poverty measured?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Household poverty incidence in Malaysia is measured based on three methods, namely:
    1. Absolute poverty that refers to households earning below the Poverty Line Income
    2. Relative poverty that refers to households earning less than half of household median income
    3. Multidimensional Poverty Index that refers to a broader measurement involving income and non-monetary aspects, namely health, education and basic amenities
Q7. What is Poverty Line Income (PLI)?
Last updated : 20 Oct 2021
  • PLI refers to the total monthly household income needed to meet the minimum nutritional food and non-food requirements for every household member to live a healthy and active life.

  • The measurement of PLI takes into account the demographic characteristics of households, such as size, age and gender of each household member as well as location, namely state, urban or rural.

  • The food and non-food PLI at national level was RM2,141 in 2016 (PLI 2016 is revised based on 2019 PLI methodology) as compared to RM2,208 in 2019.
Q8. What is the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)?
Last updated : 28 Sep 2021
  • MPI measures poverty from four dimensions, namely income, education, health and standard of living that encompass 11 indicators as follows:
    1. Years of schooling
    2. School attendance
    3. Access to healthcare facilities
    4. Access to clean water supply
    5. Conditions of living quarters
    6. Room crowdedness
    7. Toilet facility
    8. Access to garbage collection facility
    9. Transportation facilities
    10. Access to basic communication tools
    11. Monthly household gross income

  • The value of MPI is between 0 to 1 where the increasing value of MPI indicates a higher degree of deprivation in multiple dimensions.

  • The MPI at national level improved significantly from 0.01523 points in 2016 to 0.0110 points in 2019.
Q9. Why eradicating hardcore poverty is important?
Last updated : 05 Oct 2021
  • To achieve zero hardcore poverty by 2025.

  • To ensure decent standard of living for the rakyat irrespective of gender, ethnicity and location.

  • To reduce inequalities among the rakyat.
Q10. How to eliminate hardcore poverty?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the initiatives are:
    1. Establishing dedicated poverty units at Federal and district levels
    2. Formulating poverty policies based on data-driven approach
    3. Integrating and centralising the database on poverty
    4. Enhancing bottom-up approach programmes
    5. Localising poverty solution at the grassroot level
    6. Exploring new funding mechanisms
Q11. Why the Bumiputera socioeconomic development agenda is still the main focus of the Government?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • In line with national agenda to achieve a fair, equitable and inclusive socioeconomic development.

  • To address the issue of economic disparities that shackled the rakyat.

  • Bumiputera are in the lowest position in terms of wealth ownership as well as income and most affected by economic disparities.
Q12. What are the main issues in improving Bumiputera community socioeconomic status?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The main issues are:
    1. Inequitable distribution of income as well as high incidence of poverty and unemployment rate
    2. Workforce are highly concentrated in low-skilled jobs
    3. Involved mainly in micro and low value-added businesses as well as highly dependent on government assistance
    4. Ownership of low value properties
    5. Underutilised Malay Reserve Land (TRM) and waqf land as well as lack of awareness on the potential of waqf instruments
    6. Low corporate equity ownership with effective control
Q13. What are the strategies to be addressed in achieving equitable outcome for Bumiputera?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the strategies are:
    1. Accelerating Bumiputera socioeconomic development
    2. Improving governance and strengthening service delivery
    3. Strengthening education and empowering human capital
    4. Increasing the resilience and sustainability of Bumiputera business
    5. Increasing Bumiputera wealth creation
    6. Optimising Malay Reserve Land and waqf instruments
    7. Ensuring sustainable corporate equity ownership
Q14. How can the private sector be mobilised to drive Bumiputera socioeconomic growth?
Last updated : 28 Sep 2021
  • This will be undertaken by establishing a continuous strategic partnership with the private sector to reduce the government's financial burden, improve efficiency and productivity as well as accelerate economic growth.

  • The active involvement of the private sector is also expected to regenerate the country's economy through multiplier effects. The multiplier effect includes infrastructure projects, providing employment opportunities and creating professional workforce.

  • The active involvement of the private sector is able to boost the country's capital market through private sector investment in government projects.
Q15. Why is the target to achieve at least 30% Bumiputera corporate sector equity ownership still relevant?
Last updated : 30 Sep 2021
  • Equity ownership (share capital) in the corporate sector is one of the key indicators used in measuring the achievements of ethnic groups in the economy, including Bumiputera. The Bumiputera corporate sector equity ownership target is at least 30% as stated in the New Economic Policy, 1971.

  • Based on the latest data announced for 2019, Bumiputera corporate sector equity ownership was 17.2%, non-Bumiputera 25%, foreigners 45.5% and nominees 12.3%. This achievement is not equivalent to the percentage composition in the total citizen population in 2019 which was 69.3% were Bumiputera, 22.8% Chinese, 6.9% Indian and others 1%. Since the target of at least 30% Bumiputera corporate sector equity ownership has yet to be achieved, the pursuit of this target is still relevant.
Q16. What are the strategies in strengthening the development of Malay Reserve Land (TRM) and waqf instruments to enhance the socioeconomic development of the Bumiputera community?
Last updated : 04 Oct 2021
  • Among the strategies are:
    1. Establishing a committee comprising representatives of Federal and state governments to provide overall direction in planning, implementation and monitoring of waqf land development
    2. Formulating an integrated master plan on the development of TRM, waqf land and waqf instruments
    3. Expanding the role and scope of the Jawatankuasa Pemandu Pengurusan Data Tanah Rizab Melayu Semenanjung Malaysia
    4. Expanding the concept of waqf as an instrument for broader socioeconomic development
    5. Establishing a waqf fund at Federal level to mobilise resources from individuals and corporate bodies to fund socioeconomic activities
Q17. What are the issues related to child marriage?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the issues are:
    1. Low source of income
    2. Lack of access to sexual and reproductive health education
    3. Inconsistencies in the law regarding under-18 child marriage
Q18. What is the National Strategy Plan in Handling the Causes of Child Marriage?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The National Strategy Plan in Handling the Causes of Child Marriage was introduced on 16 January 2020.

  • It is in line with the objectives in the National Policy on Children, the National Child Protection Policy, Child Act 2001 and the Convention on the Rights of the Children.

  • It contains programmes and action plans encompassing legislation, parenthood, social support system, education, health and community awareness.
Q19. Did COVID-19 affect the national poverty rate?
Last updated : 20 Oct 2021
  • Yes. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the national incidence of poverty. Based on the Household Income and Incidence of Poverty Estimates Report 2020, poverty rate increased from 5.6% or 405,411 households in 2019 to 8.4% or approximately 639,800 households in 2020.
Q20. How many M40 households have fallen within the B40 income threshold due to the COVID-19 pandemic?
Last updated : 20 Oct 2021
  • Based on the Household Income and Poverty Incidence Estimate Report 2020, about 20% or approximately 600,000 of M40 households have fallen into the B40 income threshold.
Q21. Are the divestment of shares and Bumiputera companies by Bumiputera mandated agencies to Bumiputera consortiums or companies a form of restriction?
Last updated : 20 Oct 2021
  • The proposed initiative on the divestment of shares and companies owned by Bumiputera mandated agencies, under the equity safety net, which is offered to eligible Bumiputera individuals and entities is not a form of restriction.

  • This initiative will provide more opportunities for Bumiputera consortiums, companies and individuals to acquire shares and companies disposed by Bumiputera mandated agencies.

  • This effort is to ensure that the existing Bumiputera equity ownership remains and is not diluted.

  • This proposal will not impede the rights of other races.
Q22. What are Bumiputera mandated agencies?
Last updated : 29 Oct 2021
  • Bumiputera mandated agencies consist of:
    1. Bumiputera-related institutions, namely Permodalan Nasional Berhad, Lembaga Tabung Haji, Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera and Koperasi Polis Diraja Malaysia
    2. Bumiputera trust agencies including MARA, EKUINAS and State Economic Development Corporations
Q23. What is the role of sector regulators in the divestment of shares and companies by Bumiputera-owned companies?
Last updated : 20 Oct 2021
  • The sector regulators are responsible to govern and impose equity requirements on strategic sectors based on the needs of the relevant sector following the abolishment of the Foreign Investment Committee.

  • The sector regulators are supported by laws and rules under the relevant ministries and agencies to increase the participation and ownership of Bumiputera interests such as the issuance of licenses and permits as well as awarding of contracts.
Chapter 6: Improving Regional Balance and Inclusion
Q1. What are the causes of regional imbalances?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The causes of regional imbalances are:
    1. Lack of region-specific economic and spatial planning
    2. Overconcentration in low value-added economic activities
    3. Inadequate supporting ecosystems
    4. Spatial development planning in each region lacks focus and fails to identify potential key economic activities
    5. Lack of collaboration among regions and states
    6. Unhealthy competition among regions for investments and resources
Q2. How will the regional economic potential be optimised to address inter- and intra-regional imbalances?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The initiatives are:
    1. Developing key growth nodes and hotspot areas in each region as hubs for economic activities
    2. Enhancing the key economic activities in these hubs based on the strength, potential and resources available
    3. Implementing strategic development programmes at the regional and state levels through state-driven initiatives and private sector-led projects
    4. Encouraging industry players, especially micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in key growth nodes and hotspot areas to move up the value chain and participate in high value-added activities
    5. Promoting industries to implement green growth initiatives by adopting green technology and best practices
Q3. What are the measures to attract quality investment in less developed regions?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The measures to be undertaken are:
    1. Strengthening the ecosystem to create a conducive investment climate
    2. Enhancing incentive packages to attract more quality investment
    3. Encouraging industries to embark on research based on specific needs of the industries and communities
    4. Identifying anchor companies to assist MSMEs
Q4. What are initiatives to stimulate growth and enhance competitiveness in the region?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Initiatives are:
    1. Improving connectivity and mobility through an integrated transport network connecting land, air and sea
    2. Enhancing the provision of basic infrastructure and services, including the supply of water and electricity as well as broadband coverage across regions
    3. Intensifying talent development and reduce skills mismatch to meet industry demand
    4. Enhancing entrepreneurship development
    5. Encouraging MSMEs to increase participation in the broader production networks encompassing large firms and multinational corporations
Q5. What is the Sustainable Urban Development Framework (SUDF)?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The SUDF refers to the entire development and monitoring framework including action plans, scope, mode of implementation and impact.

  • The SUDF will guide the development of a green city network in line with local, provincial, national, regional and international priorities. This framework was officially launched by the IMT-GT Leaders during the 12th IMT-GT Summit on 23 June 2019 in Bangkok, Thailand.
Q6. What are the main issues in urban development?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the main issues are:
    1. Ineffective planning
    2. Low economic density
    3. Environmental degradation
    4. Unconducive city environment
Q7. What are the initiatives to strengthen urban development?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The initiatives are:
    1. Improving urban planning
    2. Enhancing agglomeration and ecosystem
    3. Strengthening resilience of cities
    4. Enhancing energy efficiency
    5. Increasing liveability and inclusivity
Q8. What are the efforts to develop green and resilient cities?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the efforts to be undertaken are:
    1. Enforcing waste segregation at source and intensifying 3R initiatives
    2. Improving facilities for waste segregation and recycling
    3. Encouraging local authorities to adopt the Malaysian Smart Cities Framework, Low Carbon Cities Framework and the Garis Panduan Perancangan Bandar Berdaya Tahan Bencana
    4. Encouraging adoption of the green mobility approaches
    5. Expanding green and blue areas to improve microclimate and biodiversity
Q9. Why is rural development lagging?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Rural development is lagging behind urban areas due to:
    1. Insufficient basic infrastructure, services and amenities
    2. Inadequate rural-urban linkages
    3. Low value-added economic activities
    4. Inefficient coordination among agencies
Q10. What are the targets for rural development?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The targets are:
    1. Constructing and upgrading 2,800 kilometres of paved roads
    2. Expanding coverage of water supply to reach 98% of rural households
    3. Achieving 99% coverage of rural electrification
    4. Reducing inequality of household income between rural and urban areas to 0.67:1 in 2025
Q11. What are the six less developed states?
Last updated : 28 Sep 2021
  • The six less developed states are Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis, Sabah, Sarawak and Terengganu.
Q12. Which cities are selected for the expansion of the Green City Action Plan (GCAP) under the Sustainable Urban Development Framework?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • GCAP will be expanded to 14 cities, namely Kangar, Langkawi, Kulim, Taiping, Kuala Kangsar, Ipoh, Manjung, Teluk Intan, Kota Bharu, Seremban, Labuan, Kuching, Penang Island and Seberang Perai.
Q13. What will be the key benefits of accelerating development in the six less developed states?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The key benefits are:
    1. Higher GDP growth
    2. Better connectivity
    3. Improved rural-urban income ratio
    4. Lower incidence of poverty
Chapter 7: Enhancing Socioeconomic Development in Sabah and Sarawak
Q1. What is the development status of Pan Borneo Highway in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 28 Sep 2021
  • As at 2020, progress of the approved 15 work packages for Pan Borneo Sabah project was about 44% and is expected to be completed by 2024.

  • Progress report of the Pan Borneo Sarawak for 2020 was at 59.4% completion and is expected to be completed by 2022.
Q2. What is the coverage of access to clean and safe water in rural area for Sabah and Sarawak and what is the new target in the Twelfth Plan?
Last updated : 28 Sep 2021
  • The coverage of access to clean and safe water in rural area for Sabah increased to 93.9% in 2020, while in Sarawak 95.4%.

  • The target in the Twelfth Plan is to achieve 98% coverage in both states.
Q3. What are the efforts in improving air services in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 28 Sep 2021
  • The upgrading of Mukah Airport was completed in 2021 to improve connectivity and catalyse the development in Mukah.

  • The Sandakan Airport is undergoing runway extension works to allow bigger planes to land without weight restriction and expected to be completed by the end of 2021.
Q4. What are the strategies to improve the connectivity in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the strategies are:
    1. Reviewing and rationalising existing routes and introducing new ones
    2. Improving existing infrastructure as well as last-mile connectivity
    3. Enhancing the capacity of ports, airports and service providers
Q5. What are the challenges in constructing and upgrading roads in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the challenges are:
    1. Low population density
    2. Challenging terrains
    3. Difficulty of access to the project sites
Q6. What are the strategies to expand broadband coverage in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The strategies are:
    1. Providing 382 new sites of digital infrastructure in Sabah and 636 in Sarawak
    2. Improving broadband connectivity in rural areas by provisioning 781 points of presence (PoP) to schools in Sabah and 643 in Sarawak
Q7. How to promote digitalisation among micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • MSMEs will be encouraged to adopt digital technologies in production and business services.

  • Training, mentoring and awareness programmes will be provided for MSMEs in enhancing readiness to digitalise and compete in the market.

  • One-stop centres with connections to other parts of the country will be established to assist local MSMEs to have better access to funding, facilities and stewardship.
Q8. What are the main initiatives to improve the agriculture sector in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The main initiatives are:
    1. Encouraging the utilisation of digital applications in farm and fishery management practices, production and marketing
    2. Adopting smart farming and precision agriculture technologies on a wider scale
    3. Intensifying research through greater collaboration between local and international research institutions
    4. Undertaking research on developing new crop varieties, livestock and fish breeds, methods of planting as well as niche export products
    5. Reviewing training curricula and modules on agriculture
    6. Establishing dedicated smart farming fund
    7. Encouraging adoption of good agriculture practices including Malaysian Good Agriculture Practice (myGAP), Malaysian Organic (myOrganic) and Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) certification
Q9. What are the initiatives to ease market access for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The main initiatives are:
    1. Establishing consolidation and aggregation centres especially at remote clusters in Sabah and Sarawak
    2. Enhancing the readiness of MSMEs to digitalise in embracing digitalisation
Q10. What are the main targets for rural development in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The main targets for each state are:
    1. Constructing and upgrading 700 kilometres of paved roads
    2. Expanding coverage of access to clean and safe water to reach 98% of rural households
    3. Increasing 99% coverage of rural electrification
Q11. What are the initiatives for urban development in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The initiatives are:
    1. Improving development potential of cities
    2. Upgrading urban services
    3. Accelerating the implementation of the Green City Action Plan to enhance liveability
Q12. How to accelerate green growth in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Green growth can be accelerated by:
    1. Executing the government green procurement initiative at the state and local levels
    2. Developing green cities, producing green energy and enhancing green mobility
    3. Integrating sustainable development goals (SDGs), and environmental, social and governance (ESG) principle into macroeconomic policies, fiscal planning, budgeting, investment management and procurement practices
    4. Introducing carbon pricing strategy and enhancing green financing
    5. Encouraging the private sector to adopt and implement the sustainable consumption and production approach and circular economy model
Q13. What are the initiatives to conserve natural capital in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the initiatives are:
    1. Intensifying conservation programmes on the terrestrial, inland water, coastal and marine ecosystems
    2. Elevating local communities’ participation in protecting and managing protected areas sustainably
    3. Enforcing provision of the Access to Biological Resources and Benefit Sharing Act 2017 through enactments and ordinances at the state level
    4. Exploring payment for ecosystem services including carbon offset
Q14. What are the initiatives to improve access to education and training in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the initiatives are:
    1. Improving school and higher education institutions (IHEs) infrastructure
    2. Increasing the number of Comprehensive Special Model School 9 (K9) and upgrading several existing K9 schools to Comprehensive Special Model School 11 (K11)
    3. Improving digital infrastructure including internet connectivity
    4. Strengthening remote learning approaches in IHEs and technical and vocational education and training institutions
Q15. How will access and delivery of healthcare services be improved in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Access and delivery of healthcare services will be improved by:
    1. Increasing the number of patient transport service vehicles in health district offices
    2. Providing more medical equipment
    3. Expanding the cluster hospital concept
    4. Increasing mobile health services
    5. Upgrading existing healthcare facilities
Q16. How to improve access to affordable housing in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 04 Oct 2021
  • The main initiatives are:
    1. Adopting a new public housing model by rebranding Program Perumahan Rakyat to Rumah Malaysia
    2. Increasing the supply of affordable housing for specific target groups
Q17. How to improve security and public safety in Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 04 Oct 2021
  • Among the initiatives are:
    1. Increasing the number of security posts along the international border
    2. Intensifying maritime patrolling and joint operations
    3. Strengthening defence capacity and capability
    4. Implementing comprehensive strategy to deter illegal immigrants
18. How to improve the socioeconomic status of Anak Negeri Sabah and Bumiputera Sarawak?
Last updated : 04 Oct 2021
  • The socioeconomic status of Anak Negeri Sabah and Bumiputera Sarawak will be improved by:
    1. Creating more employment opportunities and high value economic activities
    2. Alleviating poverty through the provision of basic infrastructure and services
    3. Increasing and diversifying sources of income
    4. Improving employability and promoting entrepreneurship
    5. Accelerating development of customary land
Q19. How to enhance the employability and entrepreneurship of Anak Negeri Sabah and Bumiputera Sarawak?
Last updated : 04 Oct 2021
  • Among the initiatives are:
    1. Enhancing capacity and capability through education and training
    2. Encouraging communities to venture into ecotourism, agriculture and aquaculture as well as indigenous arts and crafts activities
    3. Inculcating entrepreneurship by providing necessary support
    4. Introducing specific entrepreneurship programmes for youth
Q20. What initiatives will be implemented to strengthen Native Courts?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the initiatives are:
    1. Increasing the number of courts and upgrading existing one to improve the facilities and services
    2. Enhancing the delivery services to the community
Q21. What are the strategies to accelerate the development of native customary rights (NCR) land?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • Among the strategies are:
    1. Accelerating the surveying and mapping exercise of the NCR land
    2. Strengthening the collaboration between the state governments, landowners and investors
    3. Strengthening the development of the NCR land through an integrated land development approach
Q22. What are the efforts to ensure the rights of Sabah and Sarawak?
Last updated : 01 Oct 2021
  • Among the efforts to be undertaken are:
    1. Establishing the Special Council on Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63) replacing the Special Cabinet Committee
    2. Coordinating and streamlining other issues raised by Sabah and Sarawak through the Special Council
    3. Establishing Bahagian Hal Ehwal Sabah dan Sarawak under the Prime Minister’s Department to coordinate all the issues relating to the implementation of MA63
Chapter 13: Strengthening Public Sector Service Delivery
Q1. What are the priority areas to strengthen public sector service delivery?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The priority areas are:
    1. Developing high-performing public services
    2. Advancing whole-of-government approach
    3. Enhancing budgeting and project management
Q2. What are the main issues in ensuring an efficient and effective public sector service delivery?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The main issues are:
    1. Mismatch between qualifications and placement of civil servants
    2. Lack of capacity and capability
    3. Low motivation for innovation
    4. Limited number of end-to-end online services
    5. Lack of digital technology adoption
    6. Weaknesses in implementation and monitoring mechanisms
    7. Overlapping structures and functions of agencies
    8. Constraints in implementing sound corporate governance principles
    9. Weaknesses in project implementation and coordination
    10. Ineffective mechanism to assess outcomes
    11. Lack of maintenance of infrastructure
Q3. Why is it important to transform the public service?
Last updated : 01 Oct 2021
  • This transformation is important as it will:
    1. Ensure efficient and effective public service delivery
    2. Enhance credibility of the civil service, promote the wellbeing of the rakyat, regain trust and confidence from stakeholders and the rakyat
    3. Ensure the delineation of roles and responsibilities between Members of the Administration and civil servants
    4. Strengthen the mechanism for the selection of key leaders
    5. Accelerate the adoption of digital technology
    6. Strengthen the civil service through the whole-of-government approach
Q4. What are the selected targets in strengthening public sector service delivery?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The selected targets are:
    1. Introducing circular on flexible working arrangement in 2021
    2. Ranking among top 30 in the Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International
    3. Achieving 80% end-to-end online Federal Government services
    4. Targeting 90% local authorities achieve 4-star rating
    5. Achieving 61/100 minimum score in Open Budget Index of the International Budget Partnership
Q5. What are the strategies to enhance the implementation of the whole-of-government approach?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The strategies are:
    1. Improving administration and operational efficiency
    2. Enabling better decision-making and innovation
    3. Strengthening governance ecosystem
Q6. How to improve transparency in the public service?
Last updated : 28 Sep 2021
  • Introducing an act for public service to ensure more effective checks and balances between executive, legislative and judicial powers.

  • This will ensure civil servants to remain apolitical, accountable and neutral in discharging their responsibilities.
Q7. What are the initiatives in expanding digitalisation to strengthen public sector service delivery?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The initiatives are:
    1. Accelerating single sign-on including through mobile platforms
    2. Improving the existing land administration system
    3. Introducing the use of artificial intelligence in the trial of criminal cases
    4. Expanding the use of cloud storage services
    5. Enhancing end-to-end Federal Government online services
    6. Strengthening the digitalisation of election management
Q8. What is the Behavioural Insights (BI) approach?
Last updated : 29 Sep 2021
  • The BI approach combines insights from psychology, cognitive science and social science with empirically tested results to design and implement policies in guiding the rakyat towards making better decisions.

  • BI will be adopted as a complimentary tool to further enhance policy effectiveness and allow optimal resource allocation.

  • BI is a cost-effective tool that is relatively easy to understand and widely adopted internationally.

  • BI will also increase efficiency and enhance service delivery.
Q9. How is the service delivery of the local authorities evaluated?
Last updated : 01 Oct 2021
  • The evaluation is based on the Sistem Penarafan Bintang Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (SPB-PBT) which has four criteria, namely:
    1. Core services
    2. Community participation and resident views
    3. Management
    4. Customer management
Q10. What is the purpose of implementing Sistem Penarafan Bintang Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (SPB-PBT)?
Last updated : 04 Oct 2021
  • The SPB-PBT aims to assess the level of service delivery of local authorities through a standard grading system and position local authorities at the appropriate level according to the ranking to increase the competitive capacity of each local authority.
Q11. What are the initiatives to ensure the practice of democracy among the youth?
Last updated : 20 Oct 2021
  • The Government will expedite the implementation to enable youth aged 18 and above to have the right to vote.

  • This implementation will enable youth involvement in the democratic process as the amendment of the Federal Constitution to lower the minimum voting age to 18 was approved in July 2019.
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